SERGEY V. MURAVYOV

Tomsk Polytechnic University
Department of Computer-aided Measurement Systems and Metrology
Russia, e-mail: muravyov@camsam.tpu.ru

RANKINGS AS ORDINAL SCALE MEASUREMENT RESULTS

Rankings (or preference relations, or weak orders) are sometimes considered to be non-empirical, non-objective, low-informative and, in principle, are not worthy to be titled measurements. A purpose of the paper is to demonstrate that the measurement result on the ordinal scale should be an entire (consensus) ranking of n objects ranked by m properties (or experts, or voters) in order of preference and the ranking is one of points of the weak orders space. The consensus relation that would give an integrative characterization of the initial rankings is one of strict (linear) order relations, which, in some sense, is nearest to every of the initial rankings. A recursive branch and bound measurement procedure for finding the consensus relation is described. An approach to consensus relation uncertainty assessment is discussed.

Keywords: Ordinal scale, weak order, consensus relation, recursive algorithm

Full paper (271kB): M&MS_2007_009.pdf

THOMAS ALLEVARD, ERIC BENOIT, LAURENT FOULLOY

Université de Savoie
Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systemes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance
Annecy, France, e-mail: eric.benoit@univ-savoie.fr

THE TRANSPORTATION DISTANCE FOR FUZZY DESCRIPTIONS OF MEASUREMENTS

Fuzzy nominal scales were introduced in order to propose a formalism to the representation of empirical quantities by fuzzy subsets of words. This scale proposes a similarity relation and an associated bounded distance that can be used to perform signal processing on fuzzy subsets of words. Due to the limits of this last distance, we studied distances associated to this formalism and proposed a new distance operator named transportation distance. This paper presents the results of these studies.

Keywords: Measurement theory, fuzzy description, fuzzy nominal scale, fuzzy distance

Full paper (632kB): M&MS_2007_025.pdf

SANOWAR H. KHAN, LUDWIK FINKELSTEIN

City University
Measurement and Instrumentation Center
London, UK, e-mail: s.h.khan@city.ac.uk

ADVANCES AND GENERIC PROBLEMS IN INSTRUMENT DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The paper is based on a long-term programme of research on mathematical modelling and design of instruments and instrument elements in the Measurement and Instrumentation Centre of City University, London. It considers the principal generic problems of design methodology of instrument systems and aspects of the research agenda that arises from them. It describes, in particular, recent advances in the computer aided design of sensors and actuators.

Keywords: design, models, instruments, numerical modeling

Full paper (631kB): M&MS_2007_039.pdf

LUIGINO BENETAZZO, MATTEO BERTOCCO, CLAUDIO NARDUZZI

Università di Padova
Department of Information Engineering, Italy
{luigino.benetazzo, matteo.bertocco, claudio.narduzzi}@unipd.it

SELF-CONFIGURING MEASUREMENT NETWORKS

This discussion paper presents issues in the design of self-configuring networked measurement systems. Key requisites are summarized at first. Then, architectural features will be analyzed in order to let a designer be aware of advantages and efforts of presented choices, that allow a revolutionary shift of emphasis from a PC-centric measurement architecture, to a network-centric architecture.

Keywords: remote and distributed measurement, self-configuring networks, instrumentation

Full paper (198kB): M&MS_2007_059.pdf

S. C. N. TÖPFER¹, G. LINSS¹, M. ROSENBERGER¹, U. NEHSE², K. WEISSENSEE<sup>1

1</sup>Technische Universität Ilmenau
Department of Quality Assurance
Germany, e-mail, susanne.toepfer@tu-ilmenau.de
²Mahr OKM GmbH Jena, Germany

AUTOMATIC EXECUTION OF INSPECTION PLANS WITH THE I++ DME INTERFACE FOR INDUSTRIAL COORDINATE MEASUREMENTS

Due to the fast advancement of manufacturing technologies for micro- and nanostructured components and the increasing need for sophisticated inspection methods the paper discusses the prerequisites for automatic execution of inspection plans [1]. Based on the latest state-of-the-art, the setup and operating principle of a closed quality loop for dimensional inspections is described. The ongoing development of manufacturing technologies and the increasing complexity of specimen to be inspected require more than one sensor to perform dimensional measurements efficiently. The I++ DME (Dimensional Measurement Equipment) interface standard enables the interoperability of different measurement software with different coordinate measuring machines (CMM). A novel concept to integrate multiple sensors at one CMM via I++ DME rather than via proprietary interfaces is presented. The outlined novel concept is based on an I++ DME node.

Keywords: inspection planning, micro- and nanometrology, multisensor measurements, I++ DME node

Full paper (555kB): M&MS_2007_071.pdf

M. DAROWSKI¹, W. KLONOWSKI^1,2, M. KOZARSKI¹, G. FERRARI³, K. ZIELIŃSKI¹, R. STEPIEN<sup>1,2

1</sup>Polish Academy of Sciences (IBIB PAN)
Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering
Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: mdar@ibib.waw.pl
²Polish Academy of Sciences (IMDiK PAN)
GBAF, Medical Research Center, Warsaw, Poland, e-mail: wklon@gbaf.eu
³C.N.R., Institute of Clinical Physiology - Rome Section, Rome, Italy

HYBRID MODELING OF BIOMEDICAL SYSTEMS AND MEASURING NONLINEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOSIGNALS FOR IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE

The main purpose of this paper is to present some metrological aspects of the new concept of hybrid modeling (combined physical and in silico) of biological systems as well as possible applications of nonlinear (symbolic) biosignal analysis for improving quality of life through modeling and knowledge-based measurements in medicine.

Keywords: hybrid modeling, modeling errors, virtual instruments, nonlinear dynamics, biosignal analysis

Full paper (603kB): M&MS_2007_089.pdf

I. M. BARBOSA¹, E. DEL MORAL HERNANDEZ², M. L. C. C. REIS³, O. A. F. MELLO<sup>4

1,2</sup> Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil
e-mail: barbobosa@poli.usp.br
^3,4 Comando-geral de Tecnologia Aeroespacial, São José dos Campos, Brasil

MEASUREMENT UNCERTAINTY CONTRIBUTION TO THE MLP NEURAL NETWORK LEARNING ALGORITHM APPLIED TO AERODYNAMIC EXTERNAL BALANCE CALIBRATION CURVE FITTING

The aim of this study is to fit a calibration curve to a multivariate measurement system considering uncertainty in load measurements. The experimental data are generated from the calibration of the aerodynamic external balance of the subsonic wind tunnel n.o 2, at the Brazilian Institute of Aeronautics and Space. To fit the calibration curve, Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks are submitted to the learning process. Studies employing several different architectures were carried out in order to improve the MLP convergence. The uncertainty in measurements is taken into consideration, through the modification of the learning algorithm, which in its classical approach, considers the data points free from error sources. The results of both methodologies, learning algorithm endowed with and without uncertainties, are compared. The artificial neural network performance in predicting future calibration data is explored through the simulation process.

Keywords: Multilayer Perceptrons Artificial Neural Network, calibration curve fitting, uncertainty in measurements, external aerodynamic balance, wind tunnel tests

Full paper (342kB): M&MS_2007_101.pdf

J. E. MANZOLI^1,2, F. M. L. ROSA¹, J. SILVA FÉLIX³, M. MONTEIRO<sup>3

1</sup>Centro de Tecnologia das Radiações
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
São Paulo, Brazil, e-mail: jmanzoli@ipen.br
²Universidade Sao Judas Tadeu, Sao Paulo, Brasil
³Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas,
UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil

MIGRATION MEASUREMENTS FROM PLASTIC PACKAGING: A SIMULATION STUDY ON INFLUENCE OF INITIAL CONCENTRATION PROFILE

Migration of components from plastic packaging into foodstuffs or into medicines is a very important issue, concerning public health. Using experimental techniques, like gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, these essays measure total migration and specific migration of components from plastic packaging. This work presents an explanation and applications of a numerical technique tool for this measurement, allowing the comprehension of the diffusion process and the estimate of component migration in difficult or impractical measurements. As an application example, the non-uniform influence of initial concentration profile on the migration is presented, demonstrating the necessity of this profile determination for high quality considerations on involved metrology.

Keywords: migration, diffusion, packaging, simulation, chemical contamination

Full paper (245kB): M&MS_2007_117.pdf

ALESSANDRA L.M.C. DA CUNHA, ROBERTA L. ZIOLLI, RICARDO Q. AUCÉLIO

Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-RJ)
Chemistry Department
Brazil, e-mail: alicursi@osite.com.br, aucelior@rdc.puc-rio.br

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A SELECTIVE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CHRYSENE USING SILVER-ENHANCED ROOM-TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORIMETRY

A factorial design was applied for the development of a solid surface room-temperature phosphorimetric method aiming the selective determination of chrysene. Data analysis was made using statistical experimental analysis (testing the significance of the factors using the analysis of variation, F-test and t-test), graphic method (Pareto´s chart) and the evaluation of the interactions among all variables. This procedure was used in order to guarantee high accuracy of results and minimization of the time spent for optimization. As the result, the experimental conditions using a selective phosphorescence inducer (silver) and a substrate surface modifier allowed the determination of chrysene in the presence of pyrene. The method allowed the detection of effective masses of chrysene in the ng range. Method validation is presented including a recovery and "t" tests using a Standard Reference Material.

Keywords: Factorial design, validation, solid surface room-temperature phosphorimetry (SSRTP), chrysene, uncertainty

Full paper (291kB): M&MS_2007_125.pdf

S. B. MELO¹, C. C. DANTAS², E. A. DE O. LIMA³, F. P. M. SIMÕES⁴,

¹Centro de Informática,Recife, sbm@cin.ufpe.br
²DEN, ccd@ufpe.br, ³UNICAP, eal@dei.unicap.br,
⁴Centro de Informática, chicofpms@hotmail.com

RECONSTRUCTION OF RADIAL CATALYST CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION IN AN EXPERIMENTAL TYPE FCC RISER

A gamma ray tomographic reconstruction of catalyst concentration distribution in laboratory experiments is presented. The images are generated by gamma transition measurements in an experimental riser simulating flow experiments. The manual scanner is adequate for mapping radial catalyst concentration distribution under spatial resolution of 0.002 m and density resolution of 10 kg/m³.

Keywords: gamma tomography, catalyst concentration, experimental riser

Full paper (791kB): M&MS_2007_137.pdf

MAURICIO N. FROTA, JAIME M. TICONA

Postgraduate Programme in Metrology: Metrology for Quality and Innovation
Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
e-mail: mfrota@metrologia.ctc.puc-rio.br

THE BRAZILIAN EXPERIENCE ON PRODUCT CERTIFICATION: A METROLOGY-RELATED FUNCTION WHICH PRODUCES ECONOMIC IMPACT

Updated results related to the economic impact induced by certification of industrial products are used to demonstrate that metrology and metrology-related functions are essential complementary functions of industrial technology that underpin the quality of manufactured goods and foster competitiveness and trade. In contrast with other countries' experiences, this paper shows that Brazil innovated when implementing an integrated industrial technology multiple-function system. As such, the Brazilian experience, which greatly contributed to reach its current level of industrialization, could be useful for a world-wide audience interested in the main lessons learned in the metrology and conformity assessment fields.

Full paper (190kB): M&MS_2007_149.pdf

JUUSO GRÉN, KIMMO KONKARIKOSKI, RISTO RITALA

Tampere University of Technology
Measurement and Information Technology, Finland
e-mail: kimmo.konkarikoski@tut.fi

OPTIMAL MEASUREMENT POLICY FOR DECISION MAKING: A CASE STUDY OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT BASED ON LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS

Measurement information generates value, when it is applied in the decision making. An investment cost and maintenance costs are associated with each component of the measurement system. Clearly, there is - under a given set of scenarios - a measurement setup that is optimal in expected (discounted) utility. Contrary to process design, design of measurement and information systems has not been formulated as such an optimization problem, but has rather been tackled intuitively. In this presentation we propose a framework for analyzing such an optimization problem. Our framework is based on that the basic mechanism of measurement is reduction of uncertainty about reality. Statistical decision theory serves as the basis for analyzing decision making. In this article we apply the framework to a problem that is rather simple but of practical importance: how to arrange laboratory quality measurements optimally. In particular, we discuss a case in the paper making industry, in which the product quality is measured with automated quality analyzers and by laboratory measurements.

Keywords: decision support, design, optimization, uncertainty, Bayes

Full paper (196kB): M&MS_2007_165.pdf