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CONTENTS
| 1. Zhaoxuan Zhu, Houjun Wang, Zhigang Wang - Computation of reconstruction function for samples in shift-invariant spaces | 535 |
| 2. Francisco Corrêa Alegria - Study of the random noise test of analog-to-digital converters | 545 |
| 3. Anton Fuchs, Hubert Zangl, Michael J. Moser, Thomas Bretterklieber - Capacitive sensing in process instrumentation | 557 |
| 4. Janusz Gajda, Piotr Piwowar - Identification of the human respiratory system during experiment with negative pressure impulse excitation | 569 |
| 5. Damian Grzechca, Jerzy Rutkowski - Fault diagnosis in analog electronic circuits - the SVM approach | 583 |
| 6. Krzysztof Tomczyk - Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for optimization of mathematical models according to minimax objective function of measurement systems | 599 |
| 7. Leon Swedrowski, Jan Rusek - Model and laboratory simulation of a induction motor for diagnostic purposes | 607 |
| 8. Marek Niedostatkiewicz, Romuald Zielonko - Investigation on accelerated impedance spectrum measurement method with multisine signal stimulation | 619 |
| 9. Maciej Kokot, Tadeusz Ossowski - Excitation-independent constant conductance ISFET driver | 631 |
| 10. Marek Zieliński - Review of single-stage time-interval measurement modules implemented in FPGA devices | 641 |
| 11. Waldemar Wójcik, Piotr Kisała - The application of inverse analysis in strain distribution recovery using the fibre Bragg grating sensors | 649 |
| 12. Janusz Janiczek - Universal kriging in multiparameter transducer calibration | 661 |
| 13. Przemysław Pietrzak - Fast filtration method for static automatic catchweighing instruments using a nonstationary filter | 669 |
| 14. Ryszard J. Katulski, Jacek Namieśnik, Jacek Stefański, Jarosław Sadowski, Waldemar Wardencki, Krystyna Szymańska - Mobile monitoring system for gaseous air pollution | 677 |
| 15. Wojciech Komorniczak, Tomasz Górski, Adam Kawalec, Jerzy Pietrasiński - Electronic instability compenstation for surveillance sensor set in miniature UAV | 683 |
| 16. Czesław Janusz Jermak, Mirosław Rucki - Evaluation of the response time of air gauges in industrial applications | 689 |
ABSTRACTS & FULL PAPERS
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COMPUTATION OF RECONSTRUCTION FUNCTION FOR SAMPLES IN SHIFT-INVARIANT SPACES
Zhaoxuan Zhu, Houjun Wang, Zhigang Wang
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, The College of Automation Engineering, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611731, China (zhaoxuanzhu@uestc.edu.cn, +86 28 6183 1307, hjwang@uestc.edu.cn, wangzhigang@uestc.edu.cn)
Abstract
We address the problem of reconstructing a class of sampled signals which is a member of shift-invariant spaces. In the traditional method, the reconstruction was obtained by first processing the samples by a digital correction filter, then forming linear combinations of generated functions shifted with period T. In order to eliminate the digital correction filter, we propose a computational approach to the reconstruction function. The reconstruction was directly acquired by forming linear combinations of a set of reconstruction functions. The key idea is to obtain a matrix equation by means of oblique frame theory. The reconstruction functions are obtained by solving the matrix equation. Finally, the computational approach is applied, respectively, to reconstruction of a digitizer which samples the signal by derivative sampling or periodically non-uniform sampling technology. The results show that the method is effective.
Keywords: Hilbert space; shift-invariant spaces; sampling; frame; reconstruction function.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
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STUDY OF THE RANDOM NOISE TEST OF ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTERS
Francisco Corrêa Alegria
Instituto de Telecomunicaçoes e Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal (falegria@lx.it.pt, +351 218 418 376)
Abstract
An exact expression for the expected value of the mean square difference of the two data sets acquired during the IEEE 1057 Standard Random Noise Test of analog to digital converters is derived. This expression can be used to estimate exactly the amount of random noise present which is an improvement over the heuristically derived estimator suggested in the standard. A study of the influence of stimulus signal amplitude and offset on the existing estimator is carried out.
Keywords: Analog to Digital Converter, IEEE 1057, Random Noise, Estimation.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
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CAPACITIVE SENSING IN PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION
Anton Fuchs1,2), Hubert Zangl1), Michael J. Moser1), Thomas Bretterklieber1)
1) Technische Universität Graz, Fakultät für Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Institut für Elektrizitätswirtschaft und Energieinnova-tion, Kopernikusgasse 24, A-8010 Graz, Austria (hubert.zangl@tugraz.at, michael.moser@tugraz.at, thomas.bretterklieber @tugraz.at)
2) Virtual Vehicle Competence Center, Inffeldgasse 21a, A-8010 Graz, Austria (anton.fuchs@tugraz.at, +43 316 873 9091)
Abstract
This paper addresses the use of capacitive measurement principles for process instrumentation. A brief review on capacitance-based sensors to measure industrial process parameters is provided. A capacitance-to-digital conversion system developed at the Sensors Group at our Institute is presented. Applications of capacitance-based process instrumentation for moisture sensing, flow velocity determination, fill level measurement and proximity sensing are discussed in detail.
Keywords: capacitive sensing, process instrumentation, moisture, flow velocity, fill level, proximity.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 1780kB) |
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IDENTIFICATION OF THE HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DURING EXPERIMENT WITH NEGATIVE PRESSURE IMPULSE EXCITATION
Janusz Gajda, Piotr Piwowar
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, IT and Electronics, Department of Measurement and Instrumentation, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (jgajda@agh.edu.pl, +48 12 617 3972, ppiwowar@agh.edu.pl)
Abstract
This article describes an innovative measurement method enabling one to identify mechanical parameters of the respiratory tract. The method is compared with traditional techniques such as the forced oscillation technique (FOT), forced expiration technique, and the interrupter technique (IT). The developed characteristics of the method were examined by simulation and experiments. The results confirmed its specificity and sensitivity.
Keywords: bio-measurement, respiratory tract, respiratory tract mechanical properties, diagnostic methods in medicine, respiratory tract models.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 3191kB)
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FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN ANALOG ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - THE SVMAPPROACH
Piotr Jantos, Damian Grzechca, Jerzy Rutkowski
Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Electronics, Division of Circuit and Signal Theory, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (Damian.Grzechca@polsl.pl, +48 32 237 2717, JRutkowski@polsl.pl)
Abstract
In this paper, the application of the SVM (Support Vector Machine) algorithm has been used for diagnosis and tests of analog electronic circuits. The diagnosis procedure belongs to simulation-before-test techniques, where simulations of the circuit under test (CUT) are performed at the before-test stage. Two examples have been verified for parametric and catastrophic faults in the time domain, but the conclusion is driven with the use of assumed features. A fault-driven test (FDT) has been applied to a filter circuit and a specification-driven test (SDT) to a field-programmable analog array (FPAA). The SVM classifies features which are calculated from the time domain responses. Results obtained from the examples prove a high detection and localization level of circuit states with the use of the SVM classifier.
Keywords: fault diagnosis, electronic circuits, support vector machine SVM.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 890kB)
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LEVENBERG-MARQUARDT ALGORITHM FOR OPTIMIZATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS ACCORDING TO MINIMAX OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
Krzysztof Tomczyk
Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland (petomczy@cyf-kr.edu.pl, +48 12 628 2530)
Abstract
The paper presents an application of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to parametric optimization of the minimax type of measurement systems. For the assumed objective function given by the integral square error, optimization of the third-order model is carried out and explained in detail. The optimization procedure is realized in three stages. The optimization method presented in the paper can find broad application in the process of determining optimum models of systems, especially for those that operate in dynamic states.
Keywords: minimax optimization, Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, dynamic error.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 1409kB)
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MODEL AND LABORATORY SIMULATION OF A INDUCTION MOTOR FOR DIAGNOSTIC PURPOSES
Leon Swedrowski1), Jan Rusek2)
1) Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Control Engineering, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland (l.swedrowski@ely.pg.gda.pl, +48 59 347 1258)
2) AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Electronics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland (gerusek@cyf-kr.edu.pl)
Abstract
Statistics say that bearings are this part of induction motors which is most susceptible to damage. The equipment employed for bearing diagnostics usually makes use of vibrations as the criterion for technical condition of the bearings. A faulty bearing results in additional motor vibrations. They are reflected in the harmonic content of stator currents. In certain operating conditions the current signal is the sole source of information on the state of the motor. The paper presents a mathematical model of the motor, allowing for rotor eccentricities. Calculated spectra of the stator currents are presented for the cases of operation with rotor vibrations mapping with some approximation the vibrations caused by faulty bearings. The paper presents also the results of laboratory simulations for a motor put into vibrations of adjustable frequency. Vibrations of the motor housing simulate the rotor oscillations caused by a damaged bearing. The results of laboratory simulations permitted to define the relations linking vibrations of the air gap with the components in the stator current spectrum.
Keywords: Induction motors, modeling, simulation, current measurement, fault diagnosis.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 851kB)
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INVESTIGATION ON ACCELERATED IMPEDANCE SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT METHOD WITH MULTISINE SIGNAL STIMULATION
Marek Niedostatkiewicz, Romuald Zielonko
Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Optoelectronics and Electronic Systems, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland (niedost@eti.pg.gda.pl, zielonko@eti.pg.gda.pl, +48 58 347 2255)
Abstract
The paper presents an investigation on the accelerated impedance spectrum measurement method, oriented at parameter identification of technical objects modelled by a linear equivalent circuit, e.g. anticorrosion coatings. The method is based on multisine signal stimulation of an object and response analysis by triangle window filter-banks. It has several advantages, as compared with conventional point-by-point spectrum measurement. The method was implemented in an experimental measurement system based on a DAQ card. The achieved experimental results are discussed and compared with simulation results, in terms of measurement time reduction and accuracy.
Keywords: impedance spectroscopy, multisine measurement signals, anticorrosion coatings diagnosis.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 918kB)
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EXCITATION-INDEPENDENT CONSTANT CONDUCTANCE ISFET DRIVER
Maciej Kokot1), Tadeusz Ossowski2)
1) Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland (kokot@ue.eti.pg.gda.pl, +48 58 347 1511)
2) University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland (tedos@chem.ug.gda.pl)
Abstract
A new constant conductance driver for ISFETs sensors has been developed. The proposed circuit maintains the sensor operating point at constant drain-source conductance. The combination of a simple, self-balancing resistance bridge and the subtraction of half (or similar fraction) of source-drain voltage from the gate-source voltage provides independence of the output signal from current and voltage drivers instability. The use of precision current sources or high class operating amplifiers is not required. The operating point depends on precision bridge resistors only. The driver presented here simplifies applications of ISFET sensors in battery-powered handheld devices without the accuracy trade-off which the second part of the paper shows.
Keywords: ISFET, constant conductance driver, self-balancing resistance bridge, operating point stability.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 1249kB)
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REVIEW OF SINGLE-STAGE TIME-INTERVAL MEASUREMENT MODULES IMPLEMENTED IN FPGA DEVICES
Marek Zieliński
Nicolaus Copernicus University, Institute of Physics, Department of Technical and Applied Physics, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland (marziel@fizyka.umk.pl, +48 56 611 3224)
Abstract
High resolution Time Interval Measurement Systems [TIMS] can be applied in experimental physics, ultrasonic flow meters, distance meters, or clock period meters. In this paper the problem of single-stage, high resolution TIMS design and implementation in programmable CMOS FPGA devices is discussed. Different architectures of TIMS are compared. Moreover, main parameters of TIMS, such as resolution, double pulse resolution, nonlinearity and sensitivity to temperature fluctuation are also discussed.
Keywords: time-interval measurement, time-interval measuring module, FPGA applications.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 940kB)
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THE APPLICATION OF INVERSE ANALYSIS IN STRAIN DISTRIBUTION RECOVERY USING THE FIBRE BRAGG GRATING SENSORS
Waldemar Wójcik, Piotr Kisała
Lublin University of Technology, Department of Electronics, Nadbystrzycka 38A, 20-618 Lublin, Poland (p.kisala@pollub.pl, +48 81 5384 311, waldemar.wojcik@pollub.pl)
Abstract
This paper outlines the use of inverse analysis in strain distribution recovery. To carry it out we used a sensor with FBG (fibre Bragg grating) and the inverse problem solution was discussed. The study and validation of a mathematical model with the fibre Bragg grating is also outlined in this paper. Computer simulations were carried out using numerical algorithms which performed calculations according to the mathematical structure of the model and respected all remaining values of the FBG sensor elements. Experimental measurements were also conducted using a built measurement system.
Keywords: forward problem, inverse analysis, fibre Bragg gratings, strain distribution.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 1106kB)
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UNIVERSAL KRIGING IN MULTIPARAMETER TRANSDUCER CALIBRATION
Janusz Janiczek
Wroclaw University of Technology, Department of Electronics, Chair of Electronic and Photonic Metrology, B. Prusa 53/55, 51-317 Wrocław, Poland (janusz.janiczek@pwr.wroc.pl, +48 71 320 6290)
Abstract
The paper presents the universal kriging method applied in calibration of multiparameter transducers. If a measured transducer characteristic is not within an assumed error margin, it is necessary to perform calibration to establish its individual transfer function. The universal kriging method may be then applied in order to evade repeating the measurements for every considered transducer, thus saving significant amounts of time.
Keywords: correction of transducer transfer function, A/D converter.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 737kB)
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FAST FILTRATION METHOD FOR STATIC AUTOMATIC CATCHWEIGHING INSTRUMENTS USING A NONSTATIONARY FILTER
Przemysław Pietrzak
West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Control Engineering, 26 Kwietnia 10, 71-126 Szczecin, Poland (pietrzak@zut.edu.pl, +48 91 449 5428)
Abstract
The filtration process of measurement signals which occur in industrial weighing systems, decides upon the accuracy of measurement and the duration time of the weighing process alike. The filtration problem gains great meaning in automatic catchweighing instruments whose rate of operation, in case of static weighing, can reach even a hundred weighings per minute. Since output signals from the catchweighing instruments, due to mechanical vibrations and the noise from the environment, are always contaminated with noise, filtration methods which ensure strong attenuation of vibrations and fast transmission of the signal's constant component, should be applied. In this case, filtration methods involving nonstationary filters turn out to be a good solution.
In the paper the filtration method using a discrete nonstationary filter has been discussed. The results of the numerical experiment which was carried out based on the measurement signals recorded on the catchweigher operating in the industrial environment, have been presented. The results obtained using the nonstationary filter have been compared with its stationary equivalent.
Keywords: mass measurement, static automatic weighing, filtration and signal processing, nonstationary filter, time-varying filter.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 2229kB)
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MOBILE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR GASEOUS AIR POLLUTION
Ryszard J. Katulski1), Jacek Namieśnik1), Jacek Stefański1), Jarosław Sadowski1), Waldemar Wardencki1), Krystyna Szymańska2)
1) Gdansk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland (rjkat@eti.pg.gda.pl, chemanal@pg.gda.pl, jstef@eti.pg.gda.pl, jarsad@eti.pg.gda.pl +48 58 347 2211, wawar@chem.pg.gda.pl)
2) ARMAAG Foundation, Elbląska 66, 80-761 Gdańsk, Poland (krystyna@armaag.gda.pl)
Abstract
The concept of a mobile monitoring system for chemical agents control in the air is presented. The proposed system can be applied to measure industrial and car traffic air pollution. A monitoring station is relatively small and can be placed on cars or public transportation vehicles. Measured concentrations of air pollutants are collected and transferred via the GSM network to a central data base. Exemplary results from a measurement series in Gdańsk are also presented.
Keywords: air pollution monitoring.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 3575kB)
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ELECTRONIC INSTABILITY COMPENSTATION FOR SURVEILLANCE SENSOR SET IN MINIATURE UAV
Wojciech Komorniczak, Tomasz Górski, Adam Kawalec, Jerzy Pietrasiński
Military University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics, Institute of Radioelectronics, Gen. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa (w.komorniczak@wel.wat.edu.pl, +48 22 683 7408, tgorski@wat.edu.pl, adam.kawalec@wel.wat.edu.pl, jerzy.pietrasinski@wel.wat.edu.pl)
Abstract
The paper presents an idea of the surveillance sensor set on-board a miniature Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Because of the strong influence of the atmospheric conditions (winds, thermals, air movements in general) on the airplane behaviour, there is a need for platform stabilization. It is required in order to make use of the sensors in actual operation. In the presented paper the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is considered to be the most important as well as the most demanding sensor. Two methods of platform stabilization are shown and discussed: the hybrid (electro-mechanical) method and electronic compensation method.
Keywords: instability compensation, inertial sensors, autonomous flying platform, UAV, SAR.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 943kB)
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EVALUATION OF THE RESPONSE TIME OF AIR GAUGES IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
Czesław Janusz Jermak, Mirosław Rucki
Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Mechanical Technology, Pl. M. Sklodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznań, Poland(cz.jermak@interia.pl, miroslaw.rucki@put.poznan.pl, +48 61 665 3568)
Abstract
The goal of the investigations was to evaluate the dynamical properties of air gauges in order to exploit them in such industrial applications as in-process control, form deviation measurement, dynamical measurement. As an important parameter, the time response was analyzed theoretically and experiments were performed in order to verify the proposed calculation model. The analyzed air gauges were applied in the devices for non-contact measurement of roundness and cylindricity, as well as in the contour and waviness measurement device. Because of evident physical conditions of experiments, the input signal should not be treated as an orthogonal step, but as a quasi-trapezoidal step which could be approximated in simulations as a trapezoidal one. The time response indicates that the air gauges with small measuring chambers should be treated as first-order dynamic systems.
Keywords: response time, air gauges, dimensional measurement, in-process control.
© 2009 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved
Full paper (PDF, 1572kB)
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